Structure
Cibacron Blue 3G-A dye consists of anthraquinone backbond link to phenyl, triazine, and phenyl rings interconnected by C-N bonds and adorn by amine and sulfate functional moieties.

结构
Cibacron Blue 3G-A 染料由蒽醌反键连接到苯基、三嗪和苯环组成，这些苯环通过 C-N 键相互连接，并由胺和硫酸盐官能团修饰。

Storage and stability
Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Cibacron Blue 3G-A is stable under recommended storage conditions.

储存和稳定性
存放于阴凉处。 将容器密封在干燥和通风良好的地方。 Cibacron Blue 3G-A 在推荐的储存条件下是稳定的。

Solubility
Cibacron Blue 3G-A is soluble in water.

溶解度
Cibacron Blue 3G-A 可溶于水。

Application
Cibacron Blue 3G-A has been employed in the textile industry for many years. It has shown tremendous protein binding capacity and can readily be immobilized on the polymer containing a hydroxyl group. Due to its aforementioned properties, it has been used as a ligand in affinity chromatography for the purification of proteins and enzymes. It was also reported to apply for the purification of biopolymers (e.g., interferons and albumins). Read more about application here.

应用
Cibacron Blue 3G-A 已在纺织工业中使用多年。 它已显示出巨大的蛋白质结合能力，并且可以很容易地固定在含有羟基的聚合物上。 由于其上述特性，它已被用作亲和层析中的配体，用于纯化蛋白质和酶。 据报道，它还适用于生物聚合物（例如干扰素和白蛋白）的纯化。 在此处阅读有关应用程序的更多信息。

References

Molecular Formula: C21H11NO5S

CAS Number isomer I: 3326-32-7
CAS Number isomer II: 18861-78-4

FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) is a derivative of fluorescein. It is the most widely used fluorescent probe for the preparation of conjugates of molecules from molecular biology or carbohydrate polymers such as dextran¹.

FITC（异硫氰酸荧光素）是荧光素的衍生物。 它是最广泛使用的荧光探针，用于从分子生物学或碳水化合物聚合物（如葡聚糖1）制备分子偶联物。

Structure and physical properties
FITC exhibits an excitation maximum at λ = 495 nm and emission maximum at approximately λ = 519 nm. The color of the compound is yellow while the emitted light is green. There are two different isomers of FITC:

结构和物理特性
FITC 在 λ = 495 nm 处表现出最大激发，在大约 λ = 519 nm 处表现出最大发射。 该化合物的颜色为黄色，而发出的光为绿色。 FITC 有两种不同的异构体：

• Isomer I, also referred to as fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate or 5-FITC
• Isomer II, also referred to as fluorescein 6-isothiocyanate or 6-FITC

The variation of the excitation and emission wavelengths among the two isomers of FITC is minor. FITC-functionalized biopolymers such as FITC-dextrans exhibit similar excitation and emission 0.

FITC 的两种异构体之间激发和发射波长的变化很小。 FITC 功能化的生物聚合物，如 FITC-葡聚糖，表现出类似的激发和发射 0。

Depending on the isomer, FITC contains an isothiocyanate group at either position 5 (isomer I) or position 6 (isomer 2) of the bottom benzene ring, see figure 2. Isothiocyanate easily reacts with nucleophiles such as amines under mild conditions. The compound is often used in the form of one of its two isomers or sometimes as mixture of the two.

根据异构体的不同，FITC 在底部苯环的第 5 位（异构体 I）或第 6 位（异构体 2）包含一个异硫氰酸酯基团，见图 2。异硫氰酸酯在温和条件下很容易与胺等亲核试剂反应。 该化合物通常以其两种异构体之一的形式或有时以两种异构体的形式使用。

Storage and stability
Store at 0-8 ˚C in a tightly closed container when not in use. FITC is stable under recommended storage conditions.

储存和稳定性
不使用时，将其储存在 0-8 ˚C 的密闭容器中。 FITC 在推荐的储存条件下是稳定的。

Solubility
FITC is soluble in DMSO and DMF.

溶解度
FITC 可溶于 DMSO 和 DMF。

Applications

General FITC is commonly used for labeling antibodies² (IgG) and also in other immunological applications. It is also often used in flow cytometry, a technology frequently used by biologists to study cellular populations with high precision³.

应用

一般的FITC 通常用于标记抗体 2 (IgG) 以及其他免疫学应用。 它也常用于流式细胞术，生物学家经常使用这种技术来高精度研究细胞群3。

FITC-dextran   FITC-葡聚糖

The labelling of dextran with fluorescein via its FITC derivative was first described in a publication in 1973 by de Belder and Granath⁴. Now it is a long-established method for obtaining fluorescent labelled polysaccharides. FITC-functionalized polysaccharides such as FITC-dextrans are very useful for studying permeability and transport in a large variety of cells and tissues. This includes the intestinal⁵, neoplastic⁶– and ocular⁷ tissue as well as in research related to brain and neural system⁸. FITC-dextran and other FITC-conjugated polysaccharides can also be used to study the microcirculation, which can be described as the smallest circulation of blood in the microvessels. These are present within all organ tissues. FITC-dextrans have been used in studies of leukocyte adhesion, macromolecular leakage (see figure 3) and the leakage of microcirculation during ischemia/reperfusion ⁹. FITC-dextrans have also been used to study the intestinal mucosal microcirculation¹⁰.

de Belder 和 Granath 于 1973 年在出版物中首次描述了用荧光素通过其 FITC 衍生物标记葡聚糖。现在它是一种长期建立的获得荧光标记多糖的方法。 FITC 功能化多糖，如 FITC-葡聚糖，对于研究多种细胞和组织的渗透性和转运非常有用。这包括肠道 5、肿瘤 6 和眼 7 组织以及与大脑和神经系统相关的研究 8。 FITC-葡聚糖等FITC-共轭多糖也可用于研究微循环，可谓微血管中血液的最小循环。它们存在于所有器官组织中。 FITC-葡聚糖已用于研究白细胞粘附、大分子渗漏（见图 3）和缺血/再灌注过程中微循环的渗漏 9。FITC-葡聚糖也已用于研究肠粘膜微循环 10。

pH Indicator  pH指示剂

FITC and other fluorescent dyes have the ability of changing color in response to pH-changes. This can be utilized for measuring pH in living cells. Changes in cellular pH can reflect a range of physiological processes, including muscle contraction, endocytosis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and ion transport¹¹.

Fluorescent pH-indicators can be either stand-alone-dyes, such as FITC, or dyes coupled to a macromolecule, such as FITC-dextran. The advantage of using fluorescent dextran derivatives is that the molecules can be accumulated in specific intracellular compartments¹². Compared to microelectrode techniques, fluorescent pH-indicators also have greater spatial sampling capability¹¹. Another advantage of the probes and indicators is that they don’t bind to cellular proteins¹².

FITC 和其他荧光染料具有响应 pH 值变化而改变颜色的能力。 这可用于测量活细胞中的 pH 值。 细胞 pH 值的变化可以反映一系列生理过程，包括肌肉收缩、内吞作用、细胞增殖、细胞凋亡和离子转运11。

荧光 pH 指示剂可以是独立染料，例如 FITC，也可以是与大分子偶联的染料，例如 FITC-葡聚糖。 使用荧光葡聚糖衍生物的优点是分子可以在特定的细胞内隔室中积累。 与微电极技术相比，荧光 pH 指标还具有更大的空间采样能力 11。 探针和指示剂的另一个优点是它们不与细胞蛋白质结合。

FITC-products from TdB Labs

• FITC (isomer I)
• FITC -dextran
• FITC -lysine-dextran
• FITC-CM -dextran
• FITC-CM -polysucrose
• FITC-DEAE -dextran
• FITC-DEAE -polysucrose
• FITC -dextran sulfate
• FITC -hydroxyethyl starch
• FITC -inulin
• FITC -polysucrose
• FITC -Q-dextran
• FITC -trehalose
• Fluorescein Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid (HA) can be obtained from various sources, for example rooster combs orStreptococcus equi. We can supply derivatives of either of these qualities labelled with tetramethylrhodamine (T-HA). All batches are checked for molecular weight, degree of substitution, loss on drying and free TRITC. TdB Labs can produce T-HA with a molecular weight of approximately 1.5 MDa. T-HA is supplied as a pink powder.

透明质酸 (HA) 可以从各种来源获得，例如鸡冠或马链球菌。 我们可以提供标有四甲基罗丹明 (T-HA) 的这些品质的衍生物。 检查所有批次的分子量、取代度、干燥失重和游离 TRITC。 TdB Labs 可以生产分子量约为 1.5 MDa 的 T-HA。 T-HA 以粉红色粉末形式提供。

Structure 结构
Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide composed of alternating β(1-3) glucuronide and β(1-4) glucosaminide units derived from Streptococcus equi. The hyaluronic acid is labelled with amino-tetramethylrhodamine. The degree of substitution lies between 0.001 and 0.008. The labelling procedures do not lead to depolymerisation of the HA.

透明质酸是一种多糖，由来自马链球菌的交替的 β(1-3) 葡糖苷酸和 β(1-4) 葡糖胺单位组成。 透明质酸用氨基四甲基罗丹明标记。 取代度介于 0.001 和 0.008 之间。 标记程序不会导致 HA 解聚。

Spectral data
T-HA has an excitation maximum at 552 nm and an emission maximum at 576 nm.

光谱数据
T-HA 在 552 nm 处具有最大激发，在 576 nm 处具有最大发射。

Storage and stability 
T-HA is stable for more than 6 years when stored dry in well-sealed containers.

储存和稳定性
在密封良好的容器中干燥储存时，T-HA 可稳定保存 6 年以上。

Solubility
T-HA dissolves readily in water.

溶解度
T-HA 易溶于水。

Application 
T-HA have been used to e.g. investigate invasive growth into brain tissue. Read more about applications here.

应用
T-HA 已被用于例如 研究侵入性生长进入脑组织。 在此处阅读有关应用程序的更多信息。

References

1. Pusch, A. et al. CD44 and hyaluronan promote invasive growth of B35 neuroblastoma cells into the brain. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Molecular Cell Research 1803, 261–274 (2010)
2. Kaminski, T., Siebrasse, J.-P., Gieselmann, V., Kubitscheck, U., Kappler, J. Imaging and tracking of single hyaluronan molecules diffusing in solution. Glycoconjugate Journal 25(6), 555-560 (2008).

Derivatives
TdB Labs offer Hyaluronic acid coupled to Fluorescein or to Tetramethylrhodamine.

衍生品
TdB Labs 提供与荧光素或四甲基罗丹明偶联的透明质酸。

Applications
Fluorescent derivatives of hyaluronic acid are mainly used for studying of the hyaluronan uptake into various tissues, as well as studying ivasive growth of cancer in brain and other organs. Read more about application here.

应用
透明质酸的荧光衍生物主要用于研究透明质酸吸收到各种组织中，以及研究大脑和其他器官中癌症的血管生长。 在此处阅读有关应用程序的更多信息。

Q-dextran is a polycationic derivative of dextran. These derivatives are distinct from DEAE-dextrans in that they only contain quaternary amine groups. Unlike DEAE-dextrans, Q-dextrans will be charged over a wide range of pH (pH 4-10). Q-dextrans will also have a much stronger net charge than corresponding DEAE-dextrans. All batches are checked for molecular weight, degree of substitution and loss on drying. TdB Labs produce Q-dextran from 4 kDa to 150 kDa. Q-dextrans are supplied as a white powder.

Can’t find what you are looking for? We can always produce a customised product for you. Read more here.

CAS号：不可用

Q-葡聚糖以粗白色粉末形式提供，易溶于水。氮含量约为。

2%（通过元素分析），相当于每四个季铵基团大约一个

葡萄糖单位。氮含量为 1.5 – 2.5%。与 DEAE-dextrans 不同，Q-dextrans 将被收取广泛的费用

pH 范围（pH 4-10）。它们还具有更强的净电荷，从而在系统中提供增强的响应

这种效果很重要。波利卡蒂

Q-葡聚糖是葡聚糖的聚阳离子衍生物。这些衍生物与 DEAE-葡聚糖的不同之处在于它们仅包含季胺基团。与 DEAE-葡聚糖不同，Q-葡聚糖将在很宽的 pH 值范围内（pH 4-10）带电。 Q-dextrans 的净电荷也比相应的 DEAE-dextrans 强得多。检查所有批次的分子量、取代度和干燥损失。 TdB Labs 可生产 4 kDa 至 150 kDa 的 Q-葡聚糖。 Q-葡聚糖以白色粉末形式提供。

不能找到你想要的？我们可以随时为您生产定制产品。在这里阅读更多。

Structure
Q-dextrans are synthesised by reacting dextran fractions with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride. The nitrogen content is approximately 2% which corresponds to one quaternary ammonium group for every four glucose units.

Storage and stability
Q-dextran is stable for more than 6 years when stored dry in well-sealed containers at ambient temperature.

Solubility
Q-dextran dissolves readily in water.

Application
Polycationic products exhibit a wide variety of effects in cellular systems and are of interest as adjuvants in vaccines. Q-dextran has a much stronger net charge than corresponding DEAE-dextrans and will thus give enhanced responses in systems where this effect is important. Read more about application here.

结构
Q-葡聚糖是通过葡聚糖组分与 2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵反应合成的。 氮含量约为 2%，对应于每四个葡萄糖单位一个季铵基团。

储存和稳定性
Q-葡聚糖在环境温度下在密封良好的容器中干燥储存时可稳定保存 6 年以上。

溶解度
Q-葡聚糖易溶于水。

应用
聚阳离子产品在细胞系统中表现出多种作用，并且在疫苗中作为佐剂受到关注。 Q-葡聚糖的净电荷比相应的 DEAE-葡聚糖强得多，因此在这种效应很重要的系统中会增强响应。 在此处阅读有关应用程序的更多信息。

References