Wako TRAP/ALP stain kit TRAP/ALP双重染色试剂盒使用案例

Wako TRAP/ALP stain kit TRAP/ALP双重染色试剂盒使用案例

◆培养细胞TRAP/ALP酶活性染色案例

● 用TRAP染色剂使破骨细胞呈红色

● 用ALP染色剂使成骨细胞的细胞膜、软骨细胞和细胞间膜呈茶褐色

● 用核染色试剂使各种细胞核呈蓝绿色。

RAW264细胞的TRAP活性染色

MC 3T3-E1细胞ALP活性染色

石蜡切片骨相关酶(TRAP,ALP)双重染色

◆实验材料及方法

材料的获取:1年龄小鼠的上、下肢骨以及脊椎骨(切除软组织)

一次固定:4%多聚甲溶液·10%福马林溶液

二次固定:纯乙醇

部分脊椎骨的非脱钙GMA树脂包埋处理,其他部分做脱钙处理。

脱脂、脱钙:脱钙液是ZnSO4加EDTA溶液。(与其它方法相比)

脱钙装置Histra-DC(普通光)8~16℃连续操作。

脱水、包埋:ETP(Sakura产品)处理16小时,使用融点为58-60℃嵌入式硬石蜡包埋。

部分右上肢和腰椎脱钙GMA树脂处理。

薄切、干燥:制作4μm切片,43℃伸展30分钟后,37℃干燥处理。

染色、封装:TRAP/ALP染色试剂盒(Wako)染色,37℃干燥后,二甲苯透明处理

Malinol封装液封装

镜检,染色性评估

◆标准标本制作

用之前使用的树脂包埋法或冷冻切片法制成的标本作为标准标本,和脱钙石蜡切片相比。即酒精固定小鼠肘关节,用乙二醇甲基丙烯酸树脂包埋,硬组织切片机制作2μm切片,然后进行TRAP和ALP染色(图1)。还有脱钙冷冻切片也可以作为标准标本(图2)。然后,研究或改良固定、脱钙、染色等各阶段双重染色的可行性。

图1:标准标本(GMA树脂包埋)照片是本实验标准标本——小鼠肘关节染色标本。左图为TRAP染色,右图为ALP染色。下图是二者的双重染色。染色效果均佳。以此作为阳性对照,与脱钙石蜡切片一起染色,进行染色性评估。

图2:脱钙冷冻切片酶染色—将柠檬酸脱钙的小鼠腰椎和右上肢浸泡在30%蔗糖溶液,后经OCT复合包埋,Tissue‐tekPINO冻结,Cryo制作5μm冷冻切片。再对切片进行酶染色。不仅可进行TRAP染色(左:红色)和ALP染色(中:褐色)的单染色,双重染色(右)也呈阳性。

固定

ALP染色使用不能用福马林固定的新鲜材料,如果未在短时间内固定,会导致酶失活,因此推荐80%乙醇固定。①小鼠膝关节不进行一次固定,直接用乙醇直接浸泡进行二次固定组。②小鼠腰椎用福马林(4%多聚甲溶液)固定16小时后再用乙醇进行二次固定。③小鼠腰椎用福马林固定4天后进行二次固定。④临床案例也用福马林固定1个月后,再进行二次固定。对上述四种类型进行TRAP·ALP双重染色,研究染色的可行性。如图3所示。本实验证明福马林固定从16小时到4天时间范围内均可进行TRAP·ALP双重染色。

图3:福马林的1次固定的固定时间和TRAP/ALP的染色性研究—①是未经福马林固定,仅用酒精2次固定的样品,ALP染色呈强阳性。TRAP染色呈阴性。②是福马林固定16小时和③是固定4天,TRAP/ALP的染色效果均佳。并且,福马林固定1个月的临床案例(骨软骨瘤)中TRAP染色呈阳性,但不能ALP染色。

脱钙

ALP酶是含有金属Zn蛋白。通过脱钙处理,酶的组成成分Zn被去除,导致酶失活。为弥补此缺点,需要添加ZnSO4,作为ALP活化剂。换言之,100mL脱钙液需添加0.4mL  1%ZnSO4,来补充Zn离子。并且,作为脱钙剂,在柠檬酸盐酸缓冲液添加Zn的同时,也可尝试添加相同螯合剂EDTA溶液进行研究。另外,也可研究酸性脱钙剂(甲酸福马林溶液)能否进行酶反应。结果显示,脱钙液添加EDTA溶液后染色良好。反之,甲酸福马林溶液不能进行酶染色。(图4)脱钙方法利用超声波脱钙装置(Histra-DC,正常光)在8~16℃的低温环境下,连续操作3-6天,对样品进行脱钙处理。脱钙后用添加甘氨酸的巴妥缓冲液(pH7.4)清洗,磷酸钙附着在组织上,防止沉淀。

图4:脱钙液的种类不同可否双重染色—左图是选用酸性脱钙溶液中对组织伤害较少的甲酸福马林
脱钙溶液脱钙3天(Histra-DC,8~16℃)后的大鼠膝关节。(Histra-DC,8-16℃)TRAP和ALP均不能染色。相对来说,中图、右图均可进行TRAP/ALP双重染色。

染色

染色法是Lorch的Gomori法。本次用的是偶氮染料法和耦合法结合的TRAP/ALP染色试剂盒(Wako,产品编号:294-67001)。对于切片的厚度,Lorch推荐8μm,同时也研究了普通的4μm切片是否能染色、双重染色的顺序应该先染TRAP和ALP中的哪一个、封片剂是否必须选水溶性封片剂等问题。

染色法结果:偶氮染料法中切片过厚导致酶扩散图像。即用TRAP染色骨质有红染倾向,但即使是4μm厚度,只要增强反应条件(反应温度和反应时间),也能充分染色的。换言之,TRAP染色中反应温度从室温调至37℃,反应时间从30分钟调至45分钟或60分钟。ALP染色在37℃反应45分钟至3小时,或者室温下翻译时间至一晚。此结果显示,两者色调平衡,染色效果好。(图5)但是,反应条件的增强导致ALP染色切片产生了很多色素颗粒(图2)。另外,TRAP和ALP的染色顺序哪一个先染色都是可以的。如果先进行ALP染色时,在TRAP阳性部位呈明显的红色,鲜艳处为破骨细胞。获得比较好的标本。但是,ALP的反应产物经过TRAP溶液处理后,会产生白色混浊颗粒,沉淀在组织上。因此,先TRAP染色,接着ALP染色的方法是可行的。封装法是利用甲基绿数秒间核染色处理。水洗后,37℃下干燥,二甲苯浸透,用马里醇(Marinol)永久封存。在浸透前用推荐使用酒精脱水,但是会产生反应产物的溶解、扩散。

图5:脱钙石蜡包埋切片的TRAP/ALP双重染色—利用1年龄小鼠腰椎的EDTA脱钙石蜡切片,进行TRAP/ALP双重染色。TRAP阳性将破骨细胞染成红色,将强细胞活性的细胞(成骨细胞、软骨细胞)染成褐色。(上:弱扩大,下:强扩大)

◆试剂盒组成

● 酒石酸溶液(×10)·······3 mL
● 酸性磷酸酶底物液A······30 mL
●  酸性磷酸酶底物液B······3 mL
● 核染色试剂··············10 mL
● 碱性磷酸酶预混物溶液····30 mL

<备注>本产品可对应培养细胞包装24孔板-5次,96孔板-6次。

骨组织载玻片(一个载玻片约使用500 μL)包装为60个。

产品编号 产品名称 产品规格 产品等级
294-67001 TRAP/ALP Stain Kit
TRAP/ALP双重染色试剂盒
60次 病理研究用

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