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上海金畔生物科技有限公司

“Western” purified atherogenic diet with added cholesterol and cholate source*

Wild type mice and rats generally are resistant to atherosclerosis, requiring more extreme dietary manipulation to modify lipoprotein profiles and develop mild atherosclerosis (foam cells, fatty streaks). Modern formulations are made completely of purified ingredients because this more refined approach has been reported to decrease the incidence of gallstones and liver damage associated with less refined and more traditional dietary approaches. To induce mild atherosclerosis in wild type animals, the “Western” purified diet can be modified to increase cholesterol (1-1.25%) and add a bile salt such as sodium cholate or cholic acid. Contact us for more information, modifications, or possible control diets.

添加胆固醇和胆酸盐来源的“西方”纯化致动脉粥样硬化饮食*
野生型小鼠和大鼠通常对动脉粥样硬化有抵抗力，需要更极端的饮食操作来改变脂蛋白谱并发展为轻度动脉粥样硬化（泡沫细胞、脂肪条纹）。 现代配方完全由纯化成分制成，因为据报道这种更精致的方法可以降低与不太精致和更传统的饮食方法相关的胆结石和肝损伤的发生率。 为了在野生型动物中诱发轻度动脉粥样硬化，可以修改“西方”纯化饮食以增加胆固醇（1-1.25%）并添加胆汁盐，例如胆酸钠或胆酸。 联系我们了解更多信息、修改或可能的控制饮食。

Examples of purified high fat diets with added cholesterol and cholate source*:

• • TD.02028 21% milkfat (1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid)

• • TD.09237    15% milkfat diet (1% cholesterol, 0.5% sodium cholate)

Examples of purified high fat diets with added cholesterol (without cholate source):

• TD.96121     21% milkfat (1.25% cholesterol)

Research Use:

Induce hypercholesterolemia and mild atherosclerosis (foam cells, fatty streaks) primarily in wild type mice and rats.

Will not promote obesity.

研究用途：

主要在野生型小鼠和大鼠中诱发高胆固醇血症和轻度动脉粥样硬化（泡沫细胞、脂肪条纹）。

不会促进肥胖。

Key dietary features:

• High fat diet (15-20% by weight; 34 – 45% kcal from fat)
• Saturated fatty acids (SFA >55% of total fatty acids)
• Milkfat/butterfat, cocoa butter
• Sucrose (30-50% by weight)
• Cholesterol (1 – 1.25%)
• Cholate source (0.5%)*

主要饮食特点：

高脂肪饮食（15-20% 重量；34-45% 来自脂肪的大卡）
饱和脂肪酸（SFA > 55% 的总脂肪酸）
乳脂/乳脂、可可脂
蔗糖（按重量计 30-50%）
胆固醇 (1 – 1.25%)
胆酸盐来源 (0.5%)*

References: 参考文献

1. Bernal, C., et al., Lipid biomarkers and metabolic effects of lycopene from tomato juice on liver of rats with induced hepatic steatosis. J Nutr Biochem, 2013. 24(11): p. 1870-81.

2. Gao, Q., et al., Atherogenic diets exacerbate colitis in mice deficient in glutathione peroxidase. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2010. 16(12): p. 2043-54.

3. Lichtman, A.H., et al., Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic lesion development in LDL receptor-deficient mice fed defined semipurified diets with and without cholate. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1999. 19(8): p. 1938-44.

4. Marcondes, M.C., et al., Effects of chronic mental stress and atherogenic diet on the immune inflammatory environment in mouse aorta. Brain Behav Immun, 2011. 25(8): p. 1649-57.

5. Nishina, P.M., et al., Effects of dietary fats from animal and plant sources on diet-induced fatty streak lesions in C57BL/6J mice. J Lipid Res, 1993. 34(8): p. 1413-22.

6. Nishina, P.M., et al., Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice. Lipids, 1993. 28(7): p. 599-605.
7. Yue, P., et al., Enhanced hepatic apoA-I secretion and peripheral efflux of cholesterol and phospholipid in CD36 null mice. PLoS One, 2010. 5(3): p. e9906.
8. Nishina, P.M., J. Verstuyft, and B. Paigen, Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse. J Lipid Res, 1990. 31(5): p. 859-69.

*Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis. However, if including a cholate source is not desired for your research, diets without cholate are available. See TD.96121 for a purified diet and TD.94059 for a hybrid diet. Contact us for additional options.

*胆酸钠或胆酸有助于胆固醇和脂肪的吸收，并通过胆汁酸合成减少胆固醇的排放。 但是，如果您的研究不需要包含胆酸盐来源，则可以使用不含胆酸盐的饮食。 纯化饮食参见 TD.96121，混合饮食参见 TD.94059。 联系我们获取更多选项。

Hybrid high fat diets with added cholesterol and cholate source*

Beverly Paigen and colleagues first characterized atherosclerosis development in C57BL/6 mice by feeding a hybrid atherogenic diet. The hybrid diet was created by mixing a natural ingredient mouse diet in a 3:1 ratio with a concentrated purified diet (containing 5% cholesterol and 2% sodium cholate; referred to as Thomas-Hartroft diet). The resulting mixture recreated in TD.88051 /TD.90221 (same formula) contains ~15.8% fat, 1.25% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate. This group later compared the hybrid atherogenic diet approach to the more modern “western” purified atherogenic diet with added cholesterol and cholate and found that the hybrid atherogenic diet induced more gallstones and liver damage. Hybrid diets contain a variety of unrefined ingredients that may modify lipid metabolism and atherogenesis and do not allow for precise control of ingredients and nutrients for the study of chronic diseases. Although more refined diets have been developed, hybrid atherogenic diets are still popular for inducing mild atherosclerosis and gallstones in wild type mice and rats. Contact us for more information, modifications, or possible control diets.

添加胆固醇和胆酸盐来源的混合高脂肪饮食*
Beverly Paigen 及其同事首先通过喂养混合致动脉粥样硬化饮食来表征 C57BL/6 小鼠的动脉粥样硬化发展。混合饮食是通过将天然成分的小鼠饮食以 3:1 的比例与浓缩的纯化饮食（含有 5% 的胆固醇和 2% 的胆酸钠；称为 Thomas-Hartroft 饮食）混合而成的。在 TD.88051 /TD.90221（相同配方）中重新生成的混合物含有约 15.8% 的脂肪、1.25% 的胆固醇和 0.5% 的胆酸钠。该小组后来将混合致动脉粥样硬化饮食方法与更现代的“西方”纯化致动脉粥样硬化饮食（添加胆固醇和胆酸盐）进行了比较，发现混合致动脉粥样硬化饮食会导致更多的胆结石和肝损伤。混合饮食含有多种未精制的成分，这些成分可能会改变脂质代谢和动脉粥样硬化形成，并且不允许对慢性疾病研究中的成分和营养素进行精确控制。尽管已经开发出更精细的饮食，但混合致动脉粥样硬化饮食仍然很受欢迎，可在野生型小鼠和大鼠中诱发轻度动脉粥样硬化和胆结石。联系我们了解更多信息、修改或可能的控制饮食。

Examples of hybrid high-fat diets with added cholesterol and cholate source*:

• TD.88051 and TD.90221 (same formula) are Teklad product codes for hybrid atherogenic diets

Example of hybrid high-fat diet with added cholesterol (without cholate source):

• TD.94059

Research Use:

Induce hypercholesterolemia and mild atherosclerosis (foam cells, fatty streaks) primarily in wild type mice and rats.

Will not promote obesity.

Also used for lithogenic (gallstone) rodent studies.

Key dietary features:

• • 75% rodent breeder diet; 25% purified ingredients

• • High fat (~15% by weight; 37% kcal from fat)

• • Saturated fatty acids (SFA >45% of total fatty acids)

• • Cholesterol (1.25%)

• • Cholate source (0.5%)*

主要饮食特点：

75% 啮齿动物饲养者饮食； 25% 纯化成分
高脂肪（约 15% 重量；37% 来自脂肪大卡）
饱和脂肪酸（SFA > 总脂肪酸的 45%）
胆固醇 (1.25%)
胆酸盐来源 (0.5%)*

References: 参考文献

1. Nishina, P.M., J. Verstuyft, and B. Paigen, Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse. J Lipid Res, 1990. 31(5): p. 859-69.

2. Clee, S.M., et al., Plasma and vessel wall lipoprotein lipase have different roles in atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res, 2000. 41(4): p. 521-31.

3. George, J., et al., Enhanced fatty streak formation in C57BL/6J mice by immunization with heat shock protein-65. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1999. 19(3): p. 505-10.

4. Miyake, J.H., et al., Transgenic expression of cholesterol-7-alpha-hydroxylase prevents atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2002. 22(1): p. 121-6.

5. Paigen, B., et al., Quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Atherosclerosis, 1987. 68(3): p. 231-40.

6. Schreyer, S.A., D.L. Wilson, and R.C. LeBoeuf, C57BL/6 mice fed high fat diets as models for diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 1998. 136(1): p. 17-24.

7. Vergnes, L., et al., Cholesterol and cholate components of an atherogenic diet induce distinct stages of hepatic inflammatory gene expression. J Biol Chem, 2003. 278(44): p. 42774-84.

*Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis. However, if including a cholate source is not desired for your research, diets without cholate are available. See TD.96121 for a purified diet and TD.94059 for a hybrid diet. Contact us for additional options.

*胆酸钠或胆酸有助于胆固醇和脂肪的吸收，并通过胆汁酸合成减少胆固醇的排放。 但是，如果您的研究不需要包含胆酸盐来源，则可以使用不含胆酸盐的饮食。 纯化饮食参见 TD.96121，混合饮食参见 TD.94059。 联系我们获取更多选项。

Standard diets with added cholesterol

Standard, natural ingredient diets with cholesterol added are fed to induce hypercholesterolemia. Various levels of cholesterol, fat, and/or bile salts can be added to one of the numerous standard rodent diets stocked by Envigo Teklad. For many applications, adding these components to Envigo’s minimal-to-moderate phytoestrogen global rodent diets is recommended. Our minimal phytoestrogen global rodent diets are soybean meal free, limiting the effect of phytoestrogens on your research outcomes. Soybean meal, a common dietary source of phytoestrogens, has been shown to decrease aortic fatty streak development and modify plasma cholesterol, which may reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis. Limiting dietary soybean meal may reduce confounding variables within your dietary-induced atherosclerosis model. Contact a nutritionist to discuss additional diet options.

添加胆固醇的标准饮食
喂食添加胆固醇的标准天然成分饮食以诱发高胆固醇血症。 Envigo Teklad 库存的众多标准啮齿动物饮食之一中可以添加不同水平的胆固醇、脂肪和/或胆汁盐。 对于许多应用，建议将这些成分添加到 Envigo 的最低至中度植物雌激素全球啮齿动物饮食中。 我们的最低植物雌激素全球啮齿动物饮食不含豆粕，限制了植物雌激素对您的研究成果的影响。 豆粕是植物雌激素的常见膳食来源，已被证明可以减少主动脉脂肪条纹的形成并改变血浆胆固醇，这可能会降低患动脉粥样硬化的风险。 限制膳食豆粕可能会减少膳食诱导的动脉粥样硬化模型中的混杂变量。 联系营养师讨论其他饮食选择。

Examples of minimal and moderate phytoestrogen rodent diets with added cholesterol:

• • TD.120097   1% cholesterol diet (2020 – minimal phytoestrogens)

• • TD.07841     2% cholesterol diet (2016 – minimal phytoestrogens)

• • TD.01383     2% cholesterol (2018 – Moderate phytoestrogens)

Research use:

Induce hypercholesterolemia in genetically-modified and wild type models without promoting obesity.

Key dietary features:

• • Standard, grain-based rodent diet

• • Minimal/moderate phytoestrogen diets recommended

• • Cholesterol (1 – 4%)

References: 参考文献

1. Belch, J.J., et al., Longitudinal assessment of endothelial function in the microvasculature of mice in-vivo. Microvasc Res, 2013. 85: p. 86-92.
2. Hartvigsen, K., et al., A diet-induced hypercholesterolemic murine model to study atherogenesis without obesity and metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2007. 27(4): p. 878-85.

Diets for additional animal models of atherosclerosis

Rabbits, hamsters, and swine are common models of atherosclerosis. Contact a nutritionist for information and formula examples. See rabbit, swine and other species for information and formula examples.