Carbohydrates often make up the majority (by weight and % kcal) of custom research diets, with the exception of higher fat diets. Commonly used carbohydrate sources include sucrose, cornstarch and maltodextrin. Other sources include fructose, dextrose (glucose), dextrin, and lactose. Maltodextrin is enzymatically derived from cornstarch to have shorter glucose polymers and is helpful in pelleting high fat diets and in diets where cornstarch exceeds sucrose.

Sucrose is a part of most formulas, often making up 10% of the diet or more. This likely adds to the palatability of the diet. The carbohydrate profile of a diet can be manipulated, although some mixtures may not pellet. There are also diets with very little carbohydrate, thus containing high amounts of fat and/or protein.

Cellulose (fiber) is part of many formulas and while not required by rodents, is considered beneficial. It can also be used to make formulas with differing macronutrient profiles isocaloric.

碳水化合物通常占定制研究饮食的大部分（按重量和百分比 kcal），高脂肪饮食除外。 常用的碳水化合物来源包括蔗糖、玉米淀粉和麦芽糖糊精。 其他来源包括果糖、右旋糖（葡萄糖）、糊精和乳糖。 麦芽糖糊精是从玉米淀粉酶促衍生的，具有较短的葡萄糖聚合物，有助于高脂肪饮食和玉米淀粉超过蔗糖的饮食的制粒。

蔗糖是大多数配方食品的一部分，通常占饮食的 10% 或更多。 这可能会增加饮食的适口性。 可以控制饮食中的碳水化合物成分，尽管某些混合物可能不会形成颗粒。 还有一些碳水化合物很少的饮食，因此含有大量的脂肪和/或蛋白质。

纤维素（纤维）是许多配方的一部分，虽然啮齿动物不需要，但被认为是有益的。 它还可用于制作具有不同常量营养素特征的等热量配方。

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